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Clinical evidence

Bremelanotide (Vyleesi)

Desire treatment·Sexual-dysfunction treatments

Effect across the cycle

DesireFacilitatory: Central melanocortin activation raises desire.
ArousalFacilitatory: Enhances arousal circuitry centrally.
PerformanceNeutral: Not primarily an erectile agent.
ClimaxNeutral: No direct orgasmic effect.
ExperienceFacilitatory: Improved desire and arousal experience.
MemoryNeutral: Not a memory factor.

Mechanism

Synthetic melanocortin agonist (high MC4R affinity) acting centrally in the paraventricular nucleus and medial preoptic area to modulate dopaminergic desire and arousal circuitry; in men melanocortin stimulation raises penile nitric oxide. FDA-approved (2019) for premenopausal HSDD.

Pharmacokinetics
Subcutaneous 1.75 mg on demand, ≥45 min before activity; half-life ~2.7 h.
Reversibility
On-demand dosing.

Sex differences & notes

Side effects: nausea, transient blood-pressure elevation, flushing, focal hyperpigmentation.

Key sources

  • FDA approval 2019; melanocortin mechanism reviews